The Nature Of Research

Research is a systematic process of active inquiry and discovery through collecting, analyzing, and inferring from data so that we can understand a given phenomenon in which we are interested. Research is wondering about the world around within us, developing ways in which to address such wonderings, and adding to the body of knowledge we believe we have. It is about questioning the veracity of this knowledge, evaluating it in multiple arenas, even reorganizing it to develop novel understanding and applications. 

Scientific research is the application of the scientific approach to studying a problem. It is a way to acquire dependable and useful information. To be classified as scientific research, an investigation must involve the approach we described in previous sections. Scientific research is universally a systematic and objective search reliable knowledge. 

Educational research is the application of the scientific approach to the study of educational problems. Educational research is the way in which people acquire dependable and useful information about the educative process. 

The nature of research compared therefore with some of the other ways of knowing. Those are; sensory experience, agreement with other, expert opinion, logic and the science method.  We also know type of research, all of us engage in action that have some of the characteristic of formal research, although perhaps we do not realize this at the time. We try out new method of teaching, new materials, new textbooks. The term research can mean any short of “careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts and principles”. In scientific research, the emphasis is on obtaining evidence to support or refute proposed facts or principles. Experimental research: is the most conclusive of scientific methods.  

Research as we mean is not simply summarizing what other have done. Many undergraduate students write research papers for their classes. We read research manuscripts every day and for some of them we sit back and state. That’s really a beautiful study.

Variables

A variable is a concept—a noun that stands for variation within a class of objects, such as chair, gender, eye color, achievement, motivation ,or running speed. Even spunk, style, and lust for life are variables. Notice that the individual members in the class of objects, however, must differ or vary to qualify the class as a variable. If all members of a class are identical, we do not have a variable. Such characteristics are called constants, since the individual members of the class are not allowed to vary, but rather are held constant. In any study, some characteristics will be variables, while others will be constants.

An example may make this distinction clearer. Suppose a researcher is interested in studying the effects of reinforcement on student achievement. The researcher systematically divides a large group of students, all of whom are ninth-graders, into three smaller subgroups. She then trains the teachers of these subgroups to reinforce their students in different ways (one gives verbal praise, the second gives monetary rewards, the third gives extra points) for various tasks the students perform. In this study, reinforcement would be a variable (it contains three variations), while the grade level of the students would be a constant.

There are many certain variables that can be investigated:

    A.    QUANTITATIVE VERSUS CATEGORICAL VARIABLES

Quantitative variables exist in some degree (rather than all or none) along a continuum from less to more, and we can assign numbers to different individuals or objects to indicate how much of the variable they possess. categorical variables do not vary in degree, amount, or quantity but are qualitatively different.

Examples include eye color, gender, and religious preference, and occupation, position on a baseball team, and most kinds of research “treatments” or “methods.” For example, suppose a researcher wishes to compare certain attitudes in two different groups of voters, one in which each individual is registered as a member of one political party and the other in which individuals are members of another party.

   B.     INDEPENDENT VERSUS DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Independent variables are those that the researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effect(s) on one or more other variables. An independent variable is presumed to affect (at least partly cause) or somehow influence at least one other variable. The variable that the independent variable is presumed to affect is called a dependent variable. In commonsense terms, the dependent variable “depends on” what the independent variable does to it, how it affects it. For example, a researcher studying the relationship between childhood success in mathematics and adult career choice is likely to refer to the former as the independent variable and subsequent career choice as the dependent variable. Amoderator variable

influences the direction and strength of the relationship between two variables, such as an independent and dependent variable. Amediator variable explains the relationship between the two variables. As an example, consider the relationship between the desire to quit a particular job and being a good company citizen. Age may be a moderator, in that the associate between desire to quit and company citizenship could be stronger for older employees than for young employees

   C.     MODERATOR VARIABLES

A moderator variable is a special type of independent variable. It is a secondary independent variable that has been selected for study in order to determine if it affects or modifies the basic relationship between the primary independent variable and the dependent variable. Thus, if an experimenter thinks that the relationship between variables X and Y might be altered in some way by a third variable Z, then Z could be included in the study as a moderator variable. While a moderator variable can modify or influence the strength of a relationship between two other variables, a mediator variable is one that attempts to explain the relationship between the two other variables.  

   D.    EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES

Extraneous variables are independent variables that have not been controlled. There are many possible extraneous variables. The personality of the teachers involved, the experience level of the students, the time of day the classes are taught, the nature of the subject taught, the textbooks used, the type of learning activities the teachers employ, and the teaching methods—all are possible extraneous variables that could affect learning in this study.

Video meme paling lucu

inilah video meme paling lucu dan gokil sedunia

PlayStation Based on Home Consoles

BY: M Ma'ruf Yusnain

PlayStation is a series of video game consoles created and developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. The brand was first introduced on December 3, 1994 in japan with the launch of the original PlayStation console. It now consists of four home consoles.
The first is PS 1. It released on July 7, 2000. The PS 1 was considerably smaller, redesigned version of the original PlayStation video game console. The PS 1 went on to outsell all-other consoles, including its successor, throughout the remainder of the year. It featured two main changes from its predecessor.
The second is PlayStation 2. It released in 2000. It is part of the sixth generation of video game consoles, and is backwards compatible with most original PlayStation games. It is the most successful home console in the world. Having sold over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012.
The next is PlayStation 3. It released on November 17, 2006 in North America. The PlayStation 3 is the seventh generation game console from Sony. The PlayStation 3 is the first console in the series to introduce the use of monitoring-sensing technology through its six axis wireless controller. The console also incorporates a blur-ray Disc player and features high-definition resolution.
The last is PlayStation 4. It is the latest video game console from Sony. It was announced on February 20, 2013. Sony revealed some hardware specification of the new console. The eight-generation system launched in the fourth quarter of 2013, introduced the x86 architecture to the PlayStation series. The PlayStation 4 was released on November 15, 2013.
In conclusion, we know that PlayStation is a console home game made by Sony Computer Entertainment. It also has four versions. Those are PlayStation 1, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation 4. All of the versions have sold million units in the world and become the best console game played by many people.

Contoh Penerapan Takhrij al hadits tentang amar ma'ruf nahi mungkar

  Shahih Muslim

         

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ح و حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ وَهَذَا حَدِيثُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ بَدَأَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ مَرْوَانُ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ الصَّلَاةُ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ فَقَالَ قَدْ تُرِكَ مَا هُنَالِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ إِسْمَعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ وَعَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي قِصَّةِ مَرْوَانَ وَحَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَسُفْيَانَ

Sumber: Muslim
Kitab   : Iman
Bab      : Penjelasan bahwa mencegah kemungkaran adalah bagian dari iman, dan bahwa iman itu bertambah
No. Hadist : 70

Tahkrij informasi awal didapat dari kitab sembilan imam, hadis tersebut diriwayatkan oleh muslim. Dengan menggunakan kata kunci فَبِلِسَانِهِ ,hadis tersebut ditemukan dalam kitab Muslim (No. 70), kitab Abu Daud (No. 963, 3777), kitab Tirmidzi (No.2098), kitab Nasa’i (No. 4922),  kitab Ibn Majah (No. 1265,4003), dan kitab Ahmad (10652, 10723,11034, 11068,1090, 11442).

Hadis penguat

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ إِسْمَعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ح وَعَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْرَجَ مَرْوَانُ الْمِنْبَرَ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ فَبَدَأَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا مَرْوَانُ خَالَفْتَ السُّنَّةَ أَخْرَجْتَ الْمِنْبَرَ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُخْرَجُ فِيهِ وَبَدَأْتَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ مَنْ هَذَا قَالُوا فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ فَقَالَ أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَأَى مُنْكَرًا فَاسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَهُ بِيَدِهِ فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَف الْإِيمَانِ

Sumber : Abu Daud Kitab : Shalat Bab : Khutbah di hari Id No. Hadist : 963

حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَدَّمَ الْخُطْبَةَ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ مَرْوَانُ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لِمَرْوَانَ خَالَفْتَ السُّنَّةَ فَقَالَ يَا فُلَانُ تُرِكَ مَا هُنَالِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَأَى مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُنْكِرْهُ بِيَدِهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ

Sumber: Tirmidzi
Kitab   : Fitnah
Bab      : Menyingkirkan kemungkaran dengan tangan, lisan dan hati
No. Hadist : 2098

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَخْلَدٌ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَأَى مُنْكَرًا فَغَيَّرَهُ بِيَدِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَهُ بِيَدِهِ فَغَيَّرَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ فَغَيَّرَهُ بِقَلْبِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ

Sumber : Nasa'i Kitab : Iman dan syareatnya Bab : Pemeluk keimanan satu sama lain mempunyai kelebihan No. Hadist : 4923

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِسْمَعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ و عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْرَجَ مَرْوَانُ الْمِنْبَرَ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ فَبَدَأَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا مَرْوَانُ خَالَفْتَ السُّنَّةَ أَخْرَجْتَ الْمِنْبَرَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُخْرَجُ وَبَدَأْتَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُبْدَأُ بِهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَاسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَهُ بِيَدِهِ فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ

Sumber: Ibnu Majah
Kitab   : Fitnah
Bab      : Amar Ma'ruf dan Nahi Munkar
No. Hadist : 4003

حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ أَخْبَرَنِي شُعْبَةُ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ خَطَبَ مَرْوَانُ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي يَوْمِ الْعِيدِ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ الصَّلَاةُ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ فَقَالَ تَرَى ذَلِكَ يَا أَبَا فُلَانٍ فَقَامَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ فَقَالَ أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَأَى مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ

Sumber: Ahmad
Kitab   : Sisa Musnad sahabat yang banyak meriwayatkan hadits
Bab      : Musnad Abu Sa'id Al Khudri Radliyallahu ta'ala 'anhu
No. Hadist : 10723

 

 Dari kelima riwayat tersebut, yang memiliki redaksi paling mirip dengan yang digunakan Muslim dalam kitab Shahih Muslim adalah riwayat Abu Daud dan Ibnu Majjah. Dengan demikian langkah berikutnya bisa langsung melakukan kritik hadis (sanad/matan) pada hadis riwayat Abu Daud dan Ibnu Majjah. Berikut biogragi singkat para perawi dalam jalur sanad Abu Daud dan Ibnu Majjah:

1.      Sa’ad bin Malik:

Nama Lengkap : Sa'ad bin Malik bin Sinan bin 'Ubaid Kalangan : Shahabat Kuniyah : Abu Sa'id Negeri semasa hidup : Madinah Wafat : 74 H 2.      Raja’ bin Rabi’ah		ULAMA KOMENTAR Ibnu Hajar al 'Asqalani Shahabat
Nama Lengkap : Raja' bin Rabi'ah Kalangan : Tabi'in kalangan pertengahan Kuniyah : Abu Isma'il Negeri semasa hidup : Kufah Wafat : 3.      Isma’il bin Raja’ bin Rabi’ah		ULAMA KOMENTAR Ibnu Hibban disebutkan dalam 'ats tsiqaat Ibnu Hajar al 'Asqalani Shaduuq Adz Dzahabi Tsiqah
Nama Lengkap : Isma'il bin Raja' bin Rabi'ah Kalangan : Tabi'in kalangan biasa Kuniyah : Abu Ishaq Negeri semasa hidup : Kufah Wafat :		ULAMA KOMENTAR Yahya bin Ma'in Tsiqah Abu Hatim Tsiqah An Nasa'i Tsiqah Ibnu Hibban Dia mentsiqahkannya Adz Dzahabi Tsiqah Al Azdi mungkarul hadits

4.      Sulaima bin Mihran

Nama Lengkap : Sulaiman bin Mihran Kalangan : Tabi'in kalangan biasa Kuniyah : Abu Muhammad Negeri semasa hidup : Kufah Wafat : 147 H

ULAMA KOMENTAR Al 'Ajli tsiqah tsabat An Nasa'i tsiqah tsabat Yahya bin Ma'in Tsiqah Ibnu Hibban disebutkan dalam 'ats tsiqaat Ibnu Hajar al 'Asqalani Tsiqah Hafidz Ibnu Hajar al 'Asqalani Yudallis Abu Hatim Ar Rozy Tsiqah haditsnya dijadikan hujjah

5.      Muhammad bin Khazim

Nama Lengkap : Muhammad bin Khazim Kalangan : Tabi'ul Atba' kalangan tua Kuniyah : Abu Mu'awiyah Negeri semasa hidup : Kufah Wafat : 195 H

ULAMA KOMENTAR An Nasa'i Tsiqah Ibnu Kharasy Shaduuq Ibnu Hibban disebutkan dalam 'ats tsiqaat Ibnu Sa'd Tsiqah Al 'Ajli Tsiqah Al 'Ajli Tertuduh Seorang Murjiah

6.      Muhammad bin Al ‘Alaa’ bin Kuraib

Nama Lengkap : Muhammad bin Al 'Alaa' bin Kuraib Kalangan : Tabi'ul Atba' kalangan tua Kuniyah : Abu Kuraib Negeri semasa hidup : Kufah Wafat : 248 H

ULAMA KOMENTAR Abu Hatim Shaduuq An Nasa'i la ba`sa bih Ibnu Hibban disebutkan dalam 'ats tsiqaat Maslamah bin Qasim Kuufii TsiqaH Ibnu Hajar al 'Asqalani Tsiqah Hafidz Adz Dzahabi Hafizh

Ø  Kesimpulan

Berdasarkan penilaian para ulama terhadap masing-masing perawi dalam hadis yang diriwayatkan Abu Daud dan Ibnu Majjah, serta rentang masa hidup yang memungkinkan antar perawi untuk bertemu,  dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat ketersambungan dalam rangkaian sanad tersebut. Demikian, sanad tersebut adalah muttashil dan marfu’ karena rangkaian sanadnya sampai kepada Rasulullah saw. Terkait dengan kualitasnya, semua perawi dalam sanad Abu Daud dan Ibnu Majjah tersebut dapat diterima periwayatannya karena mayoritas berkualitas tsiqah. Dan yang terkait dengan redaksinya, hadis tersebut lebih banyak diriwayatkan bi al-ma’na dan bil lafdzi. Hal ini didasarkan pada tidak adanya keseragaman redaksi pada kelima riwayat dengan jalur yang berbeda, terlebih jika merujuk pada hadis-hadis dari jalur lain yang merupakan syawahid-nya, akan ditemukan banyak keragaman redaksi yang berbeda namun memiliki esensi yang sama. Berikut daftar syawahid dari hadis yang dimaksud:

م	طرف الحديث	الصحابي	اسم الكتاب	أفق	العزو	المصنف	سنة الوفاة
1	من رأى منكم منكرا فلينكره بيده فإن لم يستطع فلينكره بلسانه فإن لم يستطع فلينكره بقلبه وذاك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	أحكام القرآن للجصاص	270	272	الجصاص الحنفي	370
2	من رأى منكم منكرا فليغيره بيده فإن لم يستطع فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع فبقلبه وذلك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	صحيح مسلم	73	52	مسلم بن الحجاج	261
3	من رأى منكم منكرا فاستطاع أن يغيره بيده فليغيره بيده فإن لم يستطع فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع فبقلبه وذلك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	سنن ابن ماجه	4011	4013	ابن ماجة القزويني	275
4	من رأى منكم منكرا فإن استطاع أن يغيره بيده فليفعل وقال مرة فليغيره بيده فإن لم يستطع بيده فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع بلسانه فبقلبه وذلك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	مسند أحمد بن حنبل	10862	10689	أحمد بن حنبل	241
5	من رأى منكم منكرا فليغيره بيده فإن لم يستطع فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع فبقلبه وذلك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	مسند أحمد بن حنبل	11246	11068	أحمد بن حنبل	241
6	من رأى منكم منكرا فليغيره بيده فإن لم يستطع فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع فبقلبه وذلك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	مسند أحمد بن حنبل	11302	11122	أحمد بن حنبل	241
7	من رأى منكم منكرا فلينكره بيده فإن لم يستطع فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع فبقلبه وذاك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	مسند أحمد بن حنبل	11659	11466	أحمد بن حنبل	241
8	من رأى منكم منكرا فليغيره بيده فإن لم يستطع أن يغيره بيده فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع فبقلبه وذلك أضعف الإيمان	سعد بن مالك	صحيح ابن حبان	311	307	أبو حاتم بن حبان	354